See graff on Wiktionary
Download JSON data for graff meaning in All languages combined (16.7kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Older variant of graft, q.v.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graff (plural graffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "graft"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 6 22 15 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of graft"
],
"id": "en-graff-en-noun-~rGEw0Xi",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"graft",
"graft#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany, archaic) Alternative form of graft"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-graff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_text": "Older variant of graft, q.v.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "graffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "graffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graff (third-person singular simple present graffs, present participle graffing, simple past and past participle graffed)",
"name": "en-verb"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "graft"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Botany",
"orig": "en:Botany",
"parents": [
"Biology",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 6 22 15 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1653-1694, Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux, Gargantua and Pantagruel, translation of original by Francois Rabelais, Book IV",
"text": "Truly, said Pantagruel, if I live to go home--which I hope will be speedily, God willing--I'll set off and graff some in my garden in Touraine, by the banks of the Loire, and will call them bon-Christian or good-Christian pears, for I never saw better Christians than are these good Papimans.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1823, William Stewart Rose, Orlando Furioso, translation of original by Ludovico Ariosto",
"text": "For where men look for fruit they graff the tree, And study still the rising plant to train; And artist uses to refine the gold Designed by him the precious gem to hold.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of graft"
],
"id": "en-graff-en-verb-~rGEw0Xi",
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"graft",
"graft#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany, archaic) Alternative form of graft"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-graff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "de",
"3": "Graf",
"4": "",
"5": "count"
},
"expansion": "German Graf (“count”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From German Graf (“count”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "graff (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1559-1566, John Knox, History of the Reformation in Scotland\n[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or grieve, and not the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A steward; an overseer."
],
"id": "en-graff-en-noun-~u8c~yj5",
"links": [
[
"steward",
"steward"
],
[
"overseer",
"overseer"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(obsolete) A steward; an overseer."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-graff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 3,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "graff (uncountable)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "graffiti"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "29 6 22 15 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "graffer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of graffiti."
],
"id": "en-graff-en-noun-en:graffiti",
"links": [
[
"graffiti",
"graffiti#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Clipping of graffiti."
],
"senseid": [
"en:graffiti"
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-graff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav.ogg",
"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 4,
"forms": [
{
"form": "graffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graff (plural graffs)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "paragraph",
"word": "graf"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Mass media",
"orig": "en:Mass media",
"parents": [
"Culture",
"Media",
"Society",
"Communication",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "29 6 22 15 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008 September 19, Ta-Nehisi Coates, “Why is Hollywood ignoring She-Hulk?”, in The Atlantic",
"text": "Were I not hooked-up, and old enough to be her father, I'd be stalking Alyssa Rosenberg because of the following graff:[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of graf (“paragraph”)"
],
"id": "en-graff-en-noun-VYpZPSZR",
"links": [
[
"journalism",
"journalism"
],
[
"graf",
"graf#English"
],
[
"paragraph",
"paragraph"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang, journalism) Alternative form of graf (“paragraph”)"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"journalism",
"media"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
},
{
"audio": "LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-graff.wav",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/fe/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-graff.wav.mp3",
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "graffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "graff m (plural graffs)",
"name": "fr-noun"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "graffiti"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "graffer"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of graffiti."
],
"id": "en-graff-fr-noun-htWhIeoL",
"links": [
[
"graffiti",
"graffiti#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Clipping of graffiti."
],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"masculine",
"slang"
]
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gmh",
"3": "grof"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German grof",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grubaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *grubaz",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "grob"
},
"expansion": "German grob",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grof"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grof",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German grof, northern variant of grop, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz. Cognate with German grob, Dutch grof. The form graff, graffen is generalised from the uninflected stem; the inflected stem yielded gruef, gruewen, which is attested dialectally (but had the disadvantage of merging with the verb gruewen (“to dig”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graffen",
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "grafft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "méi graff",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "am graffsten",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lb-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hien ass graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "si ass graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "et ass graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "si si graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "si sinn graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"attributive",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"with-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"attributive",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"with-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "grafft",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"attributive",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"with-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"attributive",
"nominative",
"plural",
"with-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"without-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"without-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graffes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"without-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"nominative",
"plural",
"without-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"with-head"
]
},
{
"form": "graffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"with-head"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"with-head"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural",
"with-head"
]
},
{
"form": "graffem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graffem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graff (masculine graffen, neuter grafft, comparative méi graff, superlative am graffsten)",
"name": "lb-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "lb-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rough, coarse"
],
"id": "en-graff-lb-adj-2CZ60hNb",
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"coarse, vulgar, crude"
],
"id": "en-graff-lb-adj-yYIhUAdF",
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
],
[
"crude",
"crude"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 22 61",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rugged, hard-wearing"
],
"id": "en-graff-lb-adj-GmGUzb~L",
"links": [
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
],
[
"hard-wearing",
"hardwearing"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡraf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʀɑf]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑf"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "en",
"3": "graph"
},
"expansion": "English graph",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from English graph.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graffau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graffiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "ngraff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"irregular",
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "graffau",
"pl2": "graffiau"
},
"expansion": "graff m (plural graffau or graffiau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"soft": "no"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh terms with irregular mutation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"graph (mathematical diagram)"
],
"id": "en-graff-cy-noun-bVkpNt4b",
"links": [
[
"graph",
"graph"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡraf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-af"
}
],
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}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
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],
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{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craff",
"source": "mutation",
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"mutation",
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]
},
{
"form": "graff",
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"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghraff",
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"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
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},
{
"form": "chraff",
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"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
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{
"args": {
"1": "craff"
},
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],
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{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
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"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 65",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "cy",
"name": "Mathematics",
"orig": "cy:Mathematics",
"parents": [
"Formal sciences",
"Sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "craff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of craff."
],
"id": "en-graff-cy-noun-FEsoRmS-",
"links": [
[
"craff",
"craff#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡraːf/"
}
],
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{
"categories": [
"English 1-syllable words",
"English countable nouns",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English verbs",
"Rhymes:English/æf",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːf",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːf/1 syllable",
"cy:Mathematics"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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{
"form": "graffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {},
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"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "graft"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"en:Botany"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of graft"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"graft",
"graft#English"
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],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany, archaic) Alternative form of graft"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
},
{
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Rhymes:English/ɑːf",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːf/1 syllable",
"cy:Mathematics"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
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"forms": [
{
"form": "graffs",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "graffing",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "graffed",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "graffed",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
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}
],
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"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "graft"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with archaic senses",
"English terms with quotations",
"en:Botany"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "1653-1694, Thomas Urquhart, Peter Anthony Motteux, Gargantua and Pantagruel, translation of original by Francois Rabelais, Book IV",
"text": "Truly, said Pantagruel, if I live to go home--which I hope will be speedily, God willing--I'll set off and graff some in my garden in Touraine, by the banks of the Loire, and will call them bon-Christian or good-Christian pears, for I never saw better Christians than are these good Papimans.",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"ref": "1823, William Stewart Rose, Orlando Furioso, translation of original by Ludovico Ariosto",
"text": "For where men look for fruit they graff the tree, And study still the rising plant to train; And artist uses to refine the gold Designed by him the precious gem to hold.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of graft"
],
"links": [
[
"botany",
"botany"
],
[
"graft",
"graft#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(botany, archaic) Alternative form of graft"
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"archaic"
],
"topics": [
"biology",
"botany",
"natural-sciences"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
},
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
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],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"categories": [
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"English terms borrowed from German",
"English terms derived from German",
"English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"English terms with audio links",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Rhymes:English/æf",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːf",
"Rhymes:English/ɑːf/1 syllable",
"cy:Mathematics"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
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{
"args": {
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"2": "de",
"3": "Graf",
"4": "",
"5": "count"
},
"expansion": "German Graf (“count”)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "-"
},
"expansion": "graff (uncountable)",
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}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"English terms with obsolete senses"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "1559-1566, John Knox, History of the Reformation in Scotland\n[A prince] is nothing but a servant, overseer, or grieve, and not the head, which is a title belonging only to Christ."
}
],
"glosses": [
"A steward; an overseer."
],
"links": [
[
"steward",
"steward"
],
[
"overseer",
"overseer"
]
],
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"(obsolete) A steward; an overseer."
],
"tags": [
"obsolete",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
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"tags": [
"Southern-England"
],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "graff"
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{
"categories": [
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{
"word": "graffer"
}
],
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{
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],
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "graffiti"
}
],
"categories": [
"English clippings",
"English slang"
],
"glosses": [
"Clipping of graffiti."
],
"links": [
[
"graffiti",
"graffiti#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Clipping of graffiti."
],
"senseid": [
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],
"tags": [
"abbreviation",
"alt-of",
"clipping",
"slang",
"uncountable"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
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"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
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{
"rhymes": "-æf"
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{
"homophone": "graph"
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"tags": [
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{
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"English terms with audio links",
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],
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{
"form": "graffs",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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"args": {},
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],
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{
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{
"extra": "paragraph",
"word": "graf"
}
],
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"English terms with quotations",
"en:Mass media"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "2008 September 19, Ta-Nehisi Coates, “Why is Hollywood ignoring She-Hulk?”, in The Atlantic",
"text": "Were I not hooked-up, and old enough to be her father, I'd be stalking Alyssa Rosenberg because of the following graff:[…]",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of graf (“paragraph”)"
],
"links": [
[
"journalism",
"journalism"
],
[
"graf",
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[
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],
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],
"tags": [
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"alternative",
"slang"
],
"topics": [
"journalism",
"media"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹɑːf/",
"tags": [
"Received-Pronunciation"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ɡɹæf/",
"tags": [
"Northern-England",
"US"
]
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑːf"
},
{
"rhymes": "-æf"
},
{
"homophone": "graph"
},
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"tags": [
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],
"text": "Audio (Southern England)"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"categories": [
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],
"derived": [
{
"word": "graffer"
}
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"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
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},
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"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"pos": "noun",
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{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "graffiti"
}
],
"categories": [
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"French countable nouns",
"French entries with incorrect language header",
"French lemmas",
"French masculine nouns",
"French nouns",
"French slang"
],
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],
"links": [
[
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"graffiti#French"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(slang) Clipping of graffiti."
],
"tags": [
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"alt-of",
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"masculine",
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]
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"categories": [
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"Luxembourgish entries with incorrect language header",
"Luxembourgish lemmas",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Luxembourgish terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Luxembourgish terms inherited from Middle High German",
"Luxembourgish terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Luxembourgish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Luxembourgish/ɑf",
"Rhymes:Luxembourgish/ɑf/1 syllable",
"cy:Mathematics"
],
"etymology_templates": [
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"args": {
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*grubaz"
},
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"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
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"2": "grob"
},
"expansion": "German grob",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "grof"
},
"expansion": "Dutch grof",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle High German grof, northern variant of grop, from Proto-Germanic *grubaz. Cognate with German grob, Dutch grof. The form graff, graffen is generalised from the uninflected stem; the inflected stem yielded gruef, gruewen, which is attested dialectally (but had the disadvantage of merging with the verb gruewen (“to dig”)).",
"forms": [
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"tags": [
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "grafft",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "méi graff",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "am graffsten",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lb-decl-adj",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "hien ass graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "si ass graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "et ass graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"predicative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "si si graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "si sinn graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"predicative"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"attributive",
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"with-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
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"tags": [
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"attributive",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"with-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "grafft",
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"tags": [
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"attributive",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"with-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
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"tags": [
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"attributive",
"nominative",
"plural",
"with-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
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"tags": [
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"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"without-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular",
"without-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graffes",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular",
"without-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graffer",
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"tags": [
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"nominative",
"plural",
"without-determiner"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular",
"with-head"
]
},
{
"form": "graffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular",
"with-head"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular",
"with-head"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural",
"with-head"
]
},
{
"form": "graffem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graffer",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graffem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "graffen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "graff (masculine graffen, neuter grafft, comparative méi graff, superlative am graffsten)",
"name": "lb-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "lb-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rough, coarse"
],
"links": [
[
"rough",
"rough"
],
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"coarse, vulgar, crude"
],
"links": [
[
"coarse",
"coarse"
],
[
"vulgar",
"vulgar"
],
[
"crude",
"crude"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rugged, hard-wearing"
],
"links": [
[
"rugged",
"rugged"
],
[
"hard-wearing",
"hardwearing"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡraf/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ɡʀɑf]"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɑf"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"categories": [
"Rhymes:Welsh/af",
"Rhymes:Welsh/af/1 syllable",
"Welsh countable nouns",
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh lemmas",
"Welsh masculine nouns",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh nouns",
"Welsh nouns with red links in their headword lines",
"Welsh terms borrowed from English",
"Welsh terms derived from English",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Welsh terms with irregular mutation",
"cy:Mathematics"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "en",
"3": "graph"
},
"expansion": "English graph",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowing from English graph.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "graffau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "graffiau",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "ngraff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"irregular",
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "graffau",
"pl2": "graffiau"
},
"expansion": "graff m (plural graffau or graffiau)",
"name": "cy-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"soft": "no"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"graph (mathematical diagram)"
],
"links": [
[
"graph",
"graph"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡraf/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-af"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"categories": [
"Welsh entries with incorrect language header",
"Welsh mutated nouns",
"Welsh non-lemma forms",
"Welsh terms with IPA pronunciation",
"cy:Mathematics"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "cy-mut",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "craff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-radical"
]
},
{
"form": "graff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-soft"
]
},
{
"form": "nghraff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-nasal"
]
},
{
"form": "chraff",
"source": "mutation",
"tags": [
"mutation",
"mutation-aspirate"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "mutated noun"
},
"expansion": "graff",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "craff"
},
"name": "cy-mut"
}
],
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Welsh soft-mutation forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "craff"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Soft mutation of craff."
],
"links": [
[
"craff",
"craff#Welsh"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"mutation-soft"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ɡraːf/"
}
],
"word": "graff"
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"graff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: ngraff, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"graff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2530",
"msg": "accepted heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, AND the cleaned text is in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: unchanged, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"graff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"graff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'unchanged'",
"path": [
"graff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: craff, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"graff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: nghraff, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"graff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graff",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/2522",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header based on style, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Welsh]; cleaned text: chraff, style: padding-bottom:4px;////NodeKind.TABLE_CELL",
"path": [
"graff"
],
"section": "Welsh",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "graff",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (384852d and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.